Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes

I: Florida to Release 750 Million GMO Mosquitoes in 2021 (video)

II: Fury over plan to release 750 MILLION genetically engineered mosquitoes in Florida Keys to kill insects carrying Zika and yellow fever - as locals brand it a 'Jurassic Park experiment' that could create superbugs (text)

I: Florida to Release 750 Million GMO Mosquitoes in 2021

Florida to Release 750 Million GMO Mosquitoes in 2021

II: Fury over plan to release 750 MILLION genetically engineered mosquitoes in Florida Keys to kill insects carrying Zika and yellow fever - as locals brand it a 'Jurassic Park experiment' that could create superbugs

Authorities approved a plan this week to release swarms of modified
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which can carry Zika, dengue fever and
other illnesses
Only female mosquitoes bite, so the modified insects are all male
They've been altered so any female offspring would die before they
get big enough to bite and spread disease
Critics warn it could backfire, creating a hybrid more resistant to
insecticides

By DAN AVERY FOR DAILYMAIL.COM
20 August 2020

Some residents of the Florida Keys are furious over plans to release more than 750 million
genetically modified mosquitoes in the region to combat disease.

The Florida Keys Mosquito Control District gave final approval Tuesday to the plan, which will
be rolled out in 2021 and 2022.

The transgenic insects, classified as OX5034, have been modified to help cull the population

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of Aedes aegypti, a mosquito known to carry Zika, malaria, dengue, yellow fever and other illnesses.

However, residents and local wildlife groups worry the 'Jurrasic Park experiment' could just
introduce a new breed of mosquito.

State officials have attempted to calm their fears, stating the transgenic bugs will provide a safer,
cheaper alternative to spraying the Aedes aegypti with insecticides.

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A closeup of an Aedes aegypti on human skin. On Tuesday the Florida Keys Mosquito Control
District gave final approval to a plan to release more than 750 million genetically modified
versions of the insect to help decrease its numbers in the Keys.

The mosquitoes are all male, altered so that any female offspring they produce die in the larval
stage well before they are big enough to bite and spread disease.

Only female mosquitoes bite for blood, which they need to mature their eggs. Male offspring would
pass along the 'defective' gene.

Dengue fever results in 390 million infections per year, according to the World Health Organization,

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with a more-than-30-fold increase in reported cases the last 50 years.

The disease causes high fever, severe headaches and joint pain and can result in lethal complications
- it also kills up to 25,000 people every year.

A woman outside the Florida Mosquito Control District Office protesting the use of transgenic mosquitoes. Critics say the
altered insects could actually create generations of heartier hybrid mosquitoes that are more resistant to pesticides

The transgenic mosquitoes, all male, have been designed to sire female offspring that would die as larva, long before they could
bite and spread Zika, dengue, yellow fever and other pathogens. Only female mosquitoes bite for blood, which they need to mature
their eggs

The Florida Keys faced major dengue outbreaks in 2009 and 2010, with smaller ones reported this
year.

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But residents and environmental groups say not enough is known about these transgenic mosquitoes.

They worry the program could just introduce a new breed of mosquito that's more resistant to
insecticides.

Jaydee Hanson of the International Center for Technology Assessment accused the EPA, which gave
the project the thumbs up in May, of failing to seriously consider the risks.

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'With all the urgent crises facing our nation and the State of Florida - the COVID-19 pandemic, racial
injustice, climate change - the administration has used tax dollars and government resources for a
Jurassic Park experiment,' Hanson said in a statement on Wednesday.

Officials hope the altered mosquitoes can provide a safer, cheaper alternative to spraying the Aedes aegypti
with insecticides. Neither the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District nor Oxitec has publicly announced
exactly when or where the releases will occur

'What could possibly go wrong? We don't know.'

In 2016, voters in Key Haven, Florida, rejected a proposal to release the genetically modified mosquito

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in their town.

More than 230,000 people have signed a Change.org petition against the current plan.

Officials hope the transgenic bugs will provide a safer, cheaper alternative to spraying the Aedes
aegypti with insecticides.

Neither the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District nor Oxitec has publicly announced exactly when or

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where the releases will occur.

The transgenic Aedes aegypti has also been approved for release in Harris County, Texas, next year.

These mark the first time genetically modified mosquitoes will be used in the US. But scientists
monitoring a similar effort in Brazil say it has backfired.

Researchers from Yale University investigated the impact of Oxitec's transgenic mosquitoes in

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Jacobina, a popular ecotourism destination.

A woman in Brazil breastfeeds her son in a bed protected by a mosquito net. Scientists from Yale say Oxitec's transgenic
mosquitoes released in the country have created generations of hardier hybrid insects

In a study published last year in Nature journal Scientific Reports, they found 'clear evidence' that the
genetically modified mosquitoes gave rise to new generations of hardier, hybrid insects.

'The claim was that genes from the release strain would not get into the general population because
offspring would die,' said senior author Jeffrey Powell, an ecologist and evolutionary biologist at Yale.

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'That obviously was not what happened.'

Oxitec slammed the study as 'false, misleading and speculative' and said it had 'successfully provided
significant suppression of the wild Aedes aegypti in Brazil.'

Originating in Africa, Aedes aegypti can now be found in tropical and subtropical regions around the
world.

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(...)

ASSIGNMENTS

Complete both assignments (A+B)

A: Summary

Write a summary of the video clip “Florida to Release 750 Million GMO Mosquitoes in 2021”.

(About 200 words)

B: Discussion

Account for and discuss the release of genetically engineered mosquitoes into nature.

Include the following quotation in your discussion:

“What could possibly go wrong?”
(“Fury over plan to release 750 MILLION genetically engineered mosquitoes in Florida Keys to kill insects carrying Zika and yellow fever - as locals brand it a 'Jurassic Park experiment' that could create superbugs”, l. 29)

Base your discussion on both the video and the text.

(Minimum 600 words)

SOURCES

I: “Florida to Release 750 Million GMO Mosquitoes in 2021” (video)
Seeker website, 13 October 2020. Viewed 12 November 2020.
https://www.seeker.com/videos/earth-conservation/florida-to-release-750-million-gmo-mosquitoes-in-2021

II: Dan Avery, “Fury over plan to release 750 MILLION genetically engineered mosquitoes in Florida Keys to kill insects carrying Zika and yellow fever - as locals brand it a 'Jurassic Park experiment' that could create superbugs” (text)
The Daily Mail website, 20 August 2020. Viewed 12 November 2020.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8648103/Locals-furious-plan-release-750-million-genetically-engineered-mosquitoes-Florida-Keys.html